If your baby’s teeth are never at the top of your parental worry list, it’s time to rethink your priorities. You may have figured that the permanent teeth are the ones that really matter. As they grow, their eating habits create the perfect environment for cavity-causing bacteria to flourish. The major culprit is the milk that they drink before going to bed. Some brands contain sugar in the form of lactose. As they grow, they may snack on sugary treats and carbohydrates which break down into simple sugars the minute your little one puts these in their mouth. And then there’s parents’ tendency to procrastinate about taking their kids to the dentist.

Diet and hygiene are only part of the problem. Many parents unknowingly infect their kids with germs that commonly cause tooth decay. It typically happens before they reach the age of 2 and is often transmitted by moms and dads either by kissing or by sharing a spoon. So even if your child eats healthy and you brush their teeth regularly, they may still be prone to cavities if they have contracted the bacteria.

Spot signs of decay whenever you can. Check their mouth for these not so subtle symptoms. The cavity-causing plaque looks like white sludge that collects along the gum line of your child’s upper teeth. It comes off in slimy strands when you try to wipe it away. If brushing doesn’t get rid of the crud and goo, see the dentist as soon as possible. Healthy toddler teeth are shiny and opalescent, but when they’re exposed to bacteria and plaque, faint white spots and lines may appear where minerals were leached from the tooth. Eventually, tiny pits form and may become painful brown holes when left untreated.

Also look for signs of stinky breath. Chronically smelly breath may mean that your child isn’t producing enough saliva, which protects teeth from decay by swishing away sugar and acid. Dry mouth is more susceptible to tooth decay, and this condition may be caused by dehydration. The good news, however, is that tooth decay is preventable. Some of them can actually be reversed. Make the changes now so that it will pay off big time in the future.

Make your child learn to love water. Water increases saliva production and washes away sugars in your child’s mouth. Flouridated water will also block off acid production and re-mineralize teeth. For on-the-go cleaning after starchy snacks and juice, use a dental wipe because they’re saturated with xylitol, which helps prevent plaque formation. But if your child is prone to cavities or you live in an area without healthy water, ask your dentist to recommend a fluoride sealant. The clear, protective coating dries almost instantly and is able to fight decay for months at a time.

It’s now time to get serious about brushing. Don’t give up when they whine. In fact, all the more you should be persistent and consistent. Say sorry but they still have to brush their teeth. A good trick would be to let them brush yours first. The more they have fun brushing, the less of a chore it will be.